FAQS

In order to properly diagnose pH problems, you need to know the alkalinity of the water. To maintain stable pH, typical marine aquaria should have an alkalinity in the range of 2.5–4.0 mEq/L (milliequivalents per liter). If the alkalinity is in this range and the pH is low, then the most likely problem is excess carbon dioxide in the water. To return oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, add vigorous aeration to the aquarium. Ten to 12 hours of aeration should help raise the pH to an acceptable level.

Basically, this is a chemical process by which bacteria break down waste in order to keep the water in a healthy state. Ammonia is produced as a by-product of the fish and from decaying organic matter, such as leftover food in the gravel. Aerobic bacteria oxidize the ammonia and convert it into nitrite. As nitrite accumulates in the tank, additional bacteria grow within the aquarium to oxidize it, as well, and the end product, nitrate, is soon formed. Nitrate is then taken up by plants and algae as food. To keep nitrates low in your tank and algae under control, do frequent partial water changes of 10-25 percent.